essay

In the class Oceanography we learned how physical and geological characteristics are used to classify the earths dynamic coastlines. The last activity the class and i had to do involved identifying Estuaries and stating its origin classification. The activity involved many different Estuaries, so i was able to learn a lot more about these coastlines and detect what kind of Origin they were. This activity was fun and some of the classifications had shocked me.

The Shepard Coastal Classifications has many different types of coasts around the world. Each Coast has different features. The Primary Coasts use distinguished features to describe themselves, and without these listings they wouldn't have there names because it is what makes them up. The activity she gave us was to find out if they are primary or secondary. The Primary features is what had happened to the ocean. The secondary features describe more about what had happened to the ocean.  The Secondary is shaped primarily by marine agencies or by marine organisms. It may or may not have been primary coasts before being shaped by marine forces. Primary is the configuration of these coasts develops from non marine processes.The have not been significantly altered since the last rise of sea level. 

We graphed the depths from the packet for the mixture of each estuary. We had to graph the first estuary and didn't have as much salinity to begin with. Salinity is what describes how salty something is, and the depth describes how deep something is. In the salinity  versus depth profiles label A is stratified. B is partially mixed. And C is well mixed. 

Throughout this activity each Estuary classification were labeled by different types of source. Each Estuary is based on their geology and how salt water and fresh water mix in them. Each estuary takes years to be formed. In this activity we had to do research on each estuary and describe how it is classified, and why it was said to be that classification 

http://celebrating200years.noaa.gov/transformations/coastal_research/estuary.html

In this activity I learned how each Estuary is made and how geology can affect it. I also have learned a lot more about coastlines and how they are determined. Also i hope to continue what we are doing so I can learn a lot more about each subject and how it is classified. 

Ocean Navigation

Throughout this school year I have learned many things about Ocean Navigation. The Class and I have been working with compasses and we have learned how to use them. When we use a compass we have to make sure the compass is on a flat surface so It show us the right direction. Also this week in class we had to do a project, my project was too research a man by the name of John Harrison. I learned that John Harrison had built the Chronometer and it had taken him years to build. The Chronometer is an instrument for measuring time, especially one designed to keep accurate time in spite of motion or variations in temperature, humidity, and air pressure. Chronometers were first developed for marine navigation, being used in conjunction with astronomical observation to determine longitude. Another thing that I have learned is how to locate the North Star, the North star is located near the little and big dipper, there are stars that are part of the dipper that are pointing to the North star. This helps me because I used to think that the North Star was the brightest star in the sky but really it isn't, so if I was lost I would know where to  look. The North Star is not visible from the southern hemisphere but is extremely visible in the Northern Hemisphere. The last thing that I have learned about the North star is that it may not be the brightest star in the sky but it is the brightest star in the Little dipper.

where does sand come from?

Where does sand come from?  How are beaches formed? What can you learn about an area by looking at sand?

 Sand is basically the material you get when you get a breakdown in rocks, when the rocks weather and decompose over hundreds of thousands and millions of years. Sand is very interesting and i wonder if sand is going to keep on changing over the course of years. 

You can learn a lot about an area by just looking at the sand. Beaches with white sand are said to be Parrotfishes poop. The reason why the Parrotfishes poop so much is because Parrotfishes do not have stomachs. Their meals pass straight through the long intestine, exploding in a cloud of sand out the backdoor. Larger "Parrotfishes" poop  840 pounds of sand per year. So therefore this is why most of our Hawaiian beaches are made up of white sand. 

After reading these articles on beaches i have learned how to detect where the sand has come from. Every time i go to a beach now i am going to think about this experiment and try to comprehend where that sand has come from and how t has been developed.  

Coastal Geology

How have the history and culture of coastal areas been affected by their geology?

By animals and fossils accumulate into the earths surface. As they die, their shells or what ever it may be accumulate on the bottom, as they accumulate their folds have been eroded into ridges. Over years this happens and it cannot be changed. It is like evolution for our earths crust and it is only going to keep happening by what ever it may be that is living and dying on it.

One example of this happening is by the lab activity that we did in class "dance of the continents". The continents of our earth move and develop over the course of years and they are never going to stop because of our earth spinning and the plate tectonics moving. The plate tectonics are plates deep in the earth that move or shift every so often.

That is how history and culture have affected the coastal areas by their geology over the course of many years.

Dynamic earth

What forces do scientists think cause tectonic plates to move?

Its just when two plates slide past each other, that creates tension which usually creates an earthquake or a volcanic eruption, or even a tsunami. When Tectonic plates move and cause earthquakes, that's most commonly a strike slip fault. that's what the San Andreas fault is, a strike slip.

Movement of tectonic plates is driven by the Earths internal, heat which causes convection in the mantle. Rocks in the mantle behave the same way, but because they are solid, the movement is millions times slower. the rocks in the mantle have a small amount of melt.

According to the theory of plate tectonics, what changes will occur to the oceans and the continents over the next millions of years?

The oceans and the continents will move over time and the continents will possibly puzzle back up with each other. Also the oceans will become bigger and new oceans will form. Our earth orbits and our plate tectonics move so therefore our continents and oceans will move and change very slowly.

1.The field of navigation includes four general categories: land navigation, marine navigation, aeronautic navigation, and space navigation.Navigation is a field of study that focuses on the process of monitoring and controlling the movement of a craft or vehicle from one place to another.


2. It would have helped because it would have shown where to go from the school yard. The Compass would have shown you North and south of where you are standing. Also you can tell where u are by using a compass because all you have to do is follow the direction that you want to be in.

Chart makers and navigators both shared the skill of being able to read and design charts. when reading a chart it is almost like reading a map, you are able to tell where you are and what direction each place is on the chart. Also navigators read the longitude and latitude of the chart that the chart makers made. Each group of people showed significant amount of skill in charts made by others which often had long distances between the landmarks on the charts.

6. On long Voyages, estimating distance becomes more important than for short trips. Early open ocean navigators estimate the distance they had traveled by compasses and maps. the maps had shown the latitude and longitude of where they were and how far it was they had to travel. Also the compasses had shown them the way it was they wanted to go and they would just follow it from there.


RESEARCH QUESTIONS:

who exactly made the charts and maps of the ocean and how did they figure it out?

how is a compass relevant for hikers and boaters to use?


I think that modern navigators should learn the skill of detecting where they are without using a gps. I believe this because when people get lost they usually do not have the technology that u would have if you were lost. I think that navigators should be able to detect where they are especially because there job is to navigate and you should be able to know where it is you are going without technology.

What are the historical roots of ocean exploration?

Brandon Barlow

Class B

Oceanography

So far in Oceanography we have learned many things. These past few weeks we have been learning about historical roots of Ocean exploration. One thing that the class did was we had to do a project on a historical person. The person that i had to do research on was John Harrison. While doing research  i have learned that John Harrsion created the chronometer, which is an instrument for measuring time, especially one designed to keep accurate time in spite of motion or variations in temperature, humidity, and air pressure. Chronometers were first developed for marine navigation, being used in conjunction with astronomical observation to determine longitude. Another thing that i have learned in Oceanography is how to locate the North Star. The North Star lies at the end of the handle of the Little Dipper and is not the brightest star in the sky. The North Star actually has medium brightness. One other thing that we have learned this past week is how to use compasses. When you use a compass you have to make sure it is on a flat surface and the arows are settled in one direction, you then proceed in the direction you want to go the compass was invented in about 206 BC by the Chinese, Han Dynasty. It was a magnetic compass used for maritime navigation.

People such as John Harrison took a huge impact back then on there discoveries. Another man that we learned about was Christopher Colombus who  was an Italian explorer who sailed across the Atlantic Ocean in 1492, hoping to find a route to India in order to trade for spices. He made a total of four trips to the Caribbean and South America during the years 1492-1504. Another thing we learned about was the earliest recorded sea voyage, which was the Egyptians, at about 3200 BC. according to the Bible Noah's Ark was before the Egyptians first sea voyage, but there is no official record of it happening.

Life waves

1. Which color had the lowest frequency?

                                    Red

2. What is the relationship of the red wavelength to the green wavelength?

     The Red has the Higher wave length compared to the green.

 

3. What is the relationship of the red wavelength to the violet wavelength?

 The Red has the Highest wavelength where as violet has the lowest wavelength.

 

4. What is the relationship of the red frequency to the green frequency?

 Red has the lower frequency than Green

 

5. What is the relationship of the red frequency to the violet frequency?

 Red has the lowest frequency and violet has the highest frequency

 

6. If waves are moving at the same speed, what is the relationship between wavelength and frequency?

 Wave length and frequency are two different things, wave length is the wave moving anf frequency is how fast the wave is moving

 

7. Based on the above relationship, if you were to look at a blue wave, would it have a higher or lower frequency than the green wave? 

It has a lower frequency than the green wave.

                                                                     

8. Based on the above relationship, if you were to look at an orange wave, would it have a longer or shorter wavelength than the green wave?

                          

 It would have a shorter wavelength than the green.

9. If Velocity = Distance / Time, what was the velocity of the waves in this lab?

Velocity

 

Rube Goldberg Reflection

Rube Goldberg

Throughout this entire assignment I have learned many things involving Rube Goldberg. Me and my partner Jared started off slow but as soon as we started creating our design we were able come up with ideas fast and then build them. One thing that set us back in the class was figuring out what we were going to do throughout the beginning of the assignment. Our first drawing did not accurately represent our machine, it was messy and it didn't show all our steps. However our outcome of the project was a success and was also unique in my eyes. We had five out of six simple machines including sever ramps, and lever, wedge, pulley, and a wheel and axle. And each an every one of them had an important role to our project.

Jared and I put every idea that we could think of into our project. When we had finished our project we had to calculate the heights of our ramps and also the mass of the golf ball. As we recorded that information we then had to describe our project on paper by drawing it and describing our simple machines. Jared and I had finished that quick and were able to stay on task throughout that entire part of the project.

Our Rube Goldberg Project consisted of 10 steps including popping the balloon. The ten steps took some time to think of but we were able to get them done before the due date. At the end of the project we ended up popping the balloon with an book and thumb tacs. At this stage we had finished our project. Jared and I had learned a lot throughout this project and hope to learn more as the year continues.



Rube Goldberg

Rube Goldberg was a man of many talents, he had created many designs that were just mind blowing. At a young age he loved to draw and sketch objects. He also was an athlete growing up. But as he got older Goldberg was fascinated by the advancement in technology and thought it was humorous as people either embraced change and the benefits technology brought or were reluctant as it increased dependency and laziness. Goldberg won many awards from his creations such as his drawing about the world being on the edge of nuclear devastation. Goldberg's inventions had started to become famous because they were starting to be advertised on television his last was seen on the Washington museum of American history. Goldberg was a man who was fascinated by the advancement of technology as am I.

Pulley: a wheel with a grooved rim around which a cord passes. It acts to change the direction of a force applied to the cord and is chiefly used (typically in combination) to raise heavy weights.

Wheel and axle: a simple lifting machine consisting of a rope that unwinds from a wheel onto a cylindrical drum or shaft joined to the wheel to provide mechanical advantage.

Lever: a rigid bar resting on a pivot, used to help move a heavy or firmly fixed load with one end when pressure is applied to the other.

Inclined Plane: a plane inclined at an angle to the horizontal.

1. What are the relationships between forces and motion? 
2. What are the variables that affect motion and force? 
3. How does Newton’s three laws describe the motion of a moving 
object? 
4. How does gravity impact objects?

1. Force is described as pressure that is applied. And motion is a certain movement, and it is usually the result of the force, or simply the energy given from the force. These to things work together on moving an object and both rely on each other so they can move an object. Without a force acting on the object the object would not be able to change its speed or direction. 
2.  There are many variables that affect motion and force and Friction is one of them. The force Friction is what slows down the motion of the object. Objects at rest have inertia, but when the object is in motion it has momentum and inertia. Momentum is the product of the mass and velocity of an object.Momentum is changed by how fast and object is moving and how much mass that object has. An example is a soccer ball being kicked. If the ball is kicked with a large force it goes faster, and the ball moves more quick. However, if the ball is kicked gently, then the ball moves slowly. The direction in which the ball moves is based on the direction of the foot when the ball is struct. 
3. The three laws describe the relationship between an object  and the forces acting upon it. The first laws says that an object either remains at rest or continues to move at a velocity unless acted upon by an external force. The second law is when an object is equal to the mass of that object multiplied by the acceleration of the object. 
4. One thing gravity affects is our weight for example, on the moon you would less because the moon has less gravitational force. Where as on earth we weigh more because it has more gravitational force.  

Newtons laws and mechanical motions

I learned a lot about Newtons laws: 

• I have learned that newtons first law of motion is also known as the law of inertia.
• Newtons first law says that an object is not moving, or is at rest, will stay at rest , and an object that is moving will keep moving in constant acceleration which means at the same speed and direction
• i have also learned that inertia is the property of anything that has mass.
• i have also learned that the equation that is used to solve second law problems is F=ma
• The greater the force that is applied, the greater the acceleration.
• The lesser the force that is applied, the lesser the acceleration 
• 
  

Proving newtons second law

Question: what is the relationship between Force, Mass, and acceleration ?

Materials Used: Car, Weights, Scale.

Hypothesis: They are all elements of an object. They all affect each other in an experiment.

Procedure: Step one: we started off with setting up the board flat. we put the 200g weight and pulled the car with the scale. We put down the results we got.

Step two: We then inclined the board and pulled the car up with three different weights. 20,100,200. WE wrote down the results and we also had the board inclined on the text book.

Step three: we then changed the incline again and put it up on a weighing scale. We changed the weights so we could get different results.

Step four: when we were done finishing that we had our graph all filled out.

Step Five: We then made a line graph and we had finished



Graph:


Height /  flat /  textbook /  scale / acceleration
200g    200N   .6            110           1
20g      .1N      .2            50           10
100g    .5N      .25          70            10



Conclusion: Our conclusion ended up being weird because our graph and measurements didn't make any since so we had to keep trying to correct it but it didn't come together. However i had fun doing the experiment and i am looking forward to having our next lab.

Audiokinetic Sculpture

 I found that sculpture to be very fascinating because the sculpture never stops going and it works by force and other things. One thing that i didn't like about it was the location. The reason why i didn't like the location is because when you looked at the top of the sculpture the sun would be in your eyes and you couldn't really study the sculpture.

Fantastic Forces

 i found that to be boring because i felt as though i already knew the things that the worker was teaching us. However there was one part in the presentation that i liked and that was when she pulled the cloth out from under the glasses. The lady that was presenting the experiment was a little on the weird side and kinda ruined the presentation for me.

Engineering Design: Bobsled

 i found that to be the most fun part of our trip because we were able to make our own sculpture and then test them out. This Design was interesting in many ways because it helped me understand what materials can cause friction and what materials can cause less friction. 

Lightning show

The lightning show was really Fascinating and it was cool how they made music out of it. However One thing that i didn't like about it was how short it was, i was hoping it would be longer so i could enjoy it a little more. 

 How does the protein that you eat wind up building your muscles? How does that bowl of pasta give you energy? Why do we need to eat fat?

1. when we eat protein our body breaks it down through  digestion and then the broken down food is sent through our bloodstream and then it is rebuilt into muscle. 

2. it gives you energy because the carbohydrates break down the sugar molecules and produce energy. 

3.we need to fats because in the fat that we eat it has phospho lipid bilayers and we need that because it protects the cell membrane. it also provides insulation for the human body.